Recently, scientists at the Novo Nordisk Protein Research Foundation Center and their international collaborators at the University of Copenhagen have successfully obtained a large number of molecular snapshots of thousands of steps in the DNA damage repair process. Based on daily basic recovery, cells can maintain health and prevent the development of cancer. The results of this research will help uncover how cells repair broken DNA, how chemotherapy affects the operation of cells, and help discover new drugs with fewer side effects.
Choudhary Chunaram, associate professor at the Novo Nordisk Foundation Protein Research Center, said: "DNA repair is important for keeping cells healthy. So understanding the molecular details of how cells communicate when DNA is destroyed will help us understand how cells protect ourselves Of the genome ".
Postdoctor Petra Beli explained: "We know that, for example, chemotherapy kills cancer cells by destroying their DNA. This is because rapidly growing cancer cells are more sensitive to DNA damage than healthy cells. But how exactly does chemotherapy work at the cellular level? The effect is still a mystery. Once we understand the molecular level of chemotherapy on tumor cells, we protect healthy cells during the treatment of cancer patients. "
DNA damage will threaten healthy cells
Each day, sun exposure, surrounding environmental factors, and metabolic processes within normal cells damage the DNA of the cells. This, in turn, can lead to the production of defective proteins, which, if not repaired, will promote the development of cancer.
In order to prevent these damaging effects, the damaged DNA will trigger a refined "alarm system", which will trigger a chain reaction in the cell, slow the damage process, and promote a large number of molecules to repair the damaged DNA.
Chunaram choudhary continued: Identifying key proteins in repairing damaged DNA may help find new drug targets. When the targeted action of the drug is not strong, the use of this specific drug can minimize side effects.
There is still much to be studied
Research on DNA repair started early, and there is much research. But Associate Professor Choudhary and his research team at the University of Cambridge and Max Planck Institute revealed for the first time tens of thousands of molecular signals in this complex process.
Petra Beli said: We first use radiation or chemical drugs to damage the DNA of the cell, and then use mass spectrometry to accurately determine the protein and its chemical modifications during DNA damage.
This allows us to track thousands of protein modifications during DNA repair and understand how biochemical signal networks are regulated and how "alarm systems" work.
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