In pad printing technology, the correct reproduction of colors plays an important role in print quality. In color matching, the problem of color matching related to color measurement equipment is an objective scientific problem, which can be expressed in data. The problem of device-independent color matching is a subjective problem, subject to limitations of artistic accomplishment and observation level. How to establish the relationship of ink color in printing can correctly express the color, which is related to subjectivity and objectivity. Sometimes, although the color is matched according to the correct method, it is rejected because of the customer's own visual defects (such as color blindness or eye fatigue). . Therefore, in order to meet the needs of customers, both the impact of objective data and the desired artistic effect must be considered when printing.
Observing the target, observing the light source or light, and the viewer (human vision or a certain color measuring device) are three essential elements for forming a particular color. They are indispensable. The observer's ability to perceive color is limited by many factors. All the variables are included in the three elements of the observation color. These variables affect the matching ability of the color. The change of any one of the variables will affect the color of the image after transfer. The influence of these variables will be introduced below.
First, the impact of printing materials
A customer's desired color is usually from a color matching (color matching) system such as Pantone or a standard color sample. However, due to the limitations of printing materials, the colors printed in the pad printing are not a complete reflection of the colors in the color samples. For the impact of substrates, the following four aspects are mainly considered:
a. Substrate color and surface characteristics of printing materials or media
b. The number of prints required to reach a certain hiding power
c. Ink additives, diluents and catalysts
d. Produce printing methods (offset, silkscreen, or pad printing) that are compatible with a certain color scale
1) The color and surface characteristics of the substrate
The surface color of the printing material is an important factor affecting the color reproduction of the printing technology image. When the printed color is observed, the colors seen are formed by reflection of light from the surface of the substrate and the overprint layer of the printed ink into the human eye. Due to the thicker layer of ink deposited on the substrate during printing, the light usually reaches the substrate through the ink layer, and then reflects on the surface of the substrate and passes through the ink layer again to reflect to the human eye. The amount of light reflected on the substrate of the printing material is related to the color of the material itself, and in particular, the color of the substrate itself is dark, and when the light color printed on it is observed, its influence is more obvious.
The surface properties of printing materials such as smoothness or smoothness, and porosity also play an important role in the color reproduction effect. Observing the same color printed on two media with the same color but different flatness, the visual effect obtained is Different: Colors printed on glossy substrates look brighter, sharper and sharper; the same color printed on porous, rough surfaces such as fabrics appears gray. This is due to the difference in the reflected light of the two hostages. When the light strikes the surface of a smooth and flat medium, most of the light is reflected at the same angle, so most of the reflected light is emitted to the human eye. On the contrary, it is rough. Porous surface light is reflected from different angles, and much less light is injected into human eyes.
Therefore, the tighter the color of the printed and the substrate is, the better the resulting pad printing effect: a certain color can be better reproduced on a coated or uncoated white paper medium, and in a darker plastic medium The reproducibility is poor.
In addition, under certain specific printing conditions, one or more layers of white ink are preprinted as the base color, otherwise a better matching effect will not be obtained. For example, in the case of transparent bright pigments, a layer of white ink should be preprinted before printing any color in order to avoid loss of characteristics.
2) The number of printing
As mentioned earlier, while observing the color of the printed product, the color of the substrate itself is also seen. In order to reduce the influence of the printing material, the selected ink should be as opaque as possible. At the time of pad printing, the thickness of the printing ink layer after drying is about 20% of the etching depth of the printing plate. If the etching depth is 0.001 inches, the thickness of the film after drying is between 0.0002 inch and 0.00025 inch, which is much thinner than the silk screen. Therefore, the film thickness that is too thin is not enough to cover the color of the substrate. Impact. One of the solutions is to increase the etching depth, but when the depth exceeds 0.0015 inches, the effective transferability of the ink is greatly reduced, the image becomes blurred, and the paste starts to appear. Therefore, only another method is needed, that is, the number of times of printing is increased. In India, this process is called double printing or multiple printing.
The use of multiple prints will undoubtedly increase production time. Therefore, before taking multiple prints, it is necessary to determine whether this can achieve the required productivity, even if a single print does not achieve the desired color matching, nor does it have to sacrifice production time. The use of multiple prints at the expense can be achieved by reducing the amount of diluent in the ink or adding pigments.
In addition, prior to using multiple prints, it should also be determined whether the details of the image can be kept clear in the case of increasing the number of prints without distortion or bending in the printing process.
3) Ink additives
Ingredients in the ink component also affect the color of the ink. Diluents, catalysts, flow agents, etc. are generally colorless, and therefore, the hiding power of the ink is reduced. For example, adding a certain catalyst (such as hardener) to the ink in a ratio of 2:1 will reduce the hiding power by 50%, which is almost as obvious as the difference between single printing and multiple printing. Therefore, it is important for the operator performing the color matching to understand the additive required and the specific ratio at the time of addition so that the correct addition can be completed prior to the coloration.
4) Production of color samples
Standard color samples are the guarantee for proper printing. Since the thickness of the obtained ink film layer is different for each printing mode, the color sample, whether obtained by the silk screen printing method or the pad printing method, must be corrected when it is used. Color samples used for reference in pad printing also need to be corrected.
Observing the target, observing the light source or light, and the viewer (human vision or a certain color measuring device) are three essential elements for forming a particular color. They are indispensable. The observer's ability to perceive color is limited by many factors. All the variables are included in the three elements of the observation color. These variables affect the matching ability of the color. The change of any one of the variables will affect the color of the image after transfer. The influence of these variables will be introduced below.
First, the impact of printing materials
A customer's desired color is usually from a color matching (color matching) system such as Pantone or a standard color sample. However, due to the limitations of printing materials, the colors printed in the pad printing are not a complete reflection of the colors in the color samples. For the impact of substrates, the following four aspects are mainly considered:
a. Substrate color and surface characteristics of printing materials or media
b. The number of prints required to reach a certain hiding power
c. Ink additives, diluents and catalysts
d. Produce printing methods (offset, silkscreen, or pad printing) that are compatible with a certain color scale
1) The color and surface characteristics of the substrate
The surface color of the printing material is an important factor affecting the color reproduction of the printing technology image. When the printed color is observed, the colors seen are formed by reflection of light from the surface of the substrate and the overprint layer of the printed ink into the human eye. Due to the thicker layer of ink deposited on the substrate during printing, the light usually reaches the substrate through the ink layer, and then reflects on the surface of the substrate and passes through the ink layer again to reflect to the human eye. The amount of light reflected on the substrate of the printing material is related to the color of the material itself, and in particular, the color of the substrate itself is dark, and when the light color printed on it is observed, its influence is more obvious.
The surface properties of printing materials such as smoothness or smoothness, and porosity also play an important role in the color reproduction effect. Observing the same color printed on two media with the same color but different flatness, the visual effect obtained is Different: Colors printed on glossy substrates look brighter, sharper and sharper; the same color printed on porous, rough surfaces such as fabrics appears gray. This is due to the difference in the reflected light of the two hostages. When the light strikes the surface of a smooth and flat medium, most of the light is reflected at the same angle, so most of the reflected light is emitted to the human eye. On the contrary, it is rough. Porous surface light is reflected from different angles, and much less light is injected into human eyes.
Therefore, the tighter the color of the printed and the substrate is, the better the resulting pad printing effect: a certain color can be better reproduced on a coated or uncoated white paper medium, and in a darker plastic medium The reproducibility is poor.
In addition, under certain specific printing conditions, one or more layers of white ink are preprinted as the base color, otherwise a better matching effect will not be obtained. For example, in the case of transparent bright pigments, a layer of white ink should be preprinted before printing any color in order to avoid loss of characteristics.
2) The number of printing
As mentioned earlier, while observing the color of the printed product, the color of the substrate itself is also seen. In order to reduce the influence of the printing material, the selected ink should be as opaque as possible. At the time of pad printing, the thickness of the printing ink layer after drying is about 20% of the etching depth of the printing plate. If the etching depth is 0.001 inches, the thickness of the film after drying is between 0.0002 inch and 0.00025 inch, which is much thinner than the silk screen. Therefore, the film thickness that is too thin is not enough to cover the color of the substrate. Impact. One of the solutions is to increase the etching depth, but when the depth exceeds 0.0015 inches, the effective transferability of the ink is greatly reduced, the image becomes blurred, and the paste starts to appear. Therefore, only another method is needed, that is, the number of times of printing is increased. In India, this process is called double printing or multiple printing.
The use of multiple prints will undoubtedly increase production time. Therefore, before taking multiple prints, it is necessary to determine whether this can achieve the required productivity, even if a single print does not achieve the desired color matching, nor does it have to sacrifice production time. The use of multiple prints at the expense can be achieved by reducing the amount of diluent in the ink or adding pigments.
In addition, prior to using multiple prints, it should also be determined whether the details of the image can be kept clear in the case of increasing the number of prints without distortion or bending in the printing process.
3) Ink additives
Ingredients in the ink component also affect the color of the ink. Diluents, catalysts, flow agents, etc. are generally colorless, and therefore, the hiding power of the ink is reduced. For example, adding a certain catalyst (such as hardener) to the ink in a ratio of 2:1 will reduce the hiding power by 50%, which is almost as obvious as the difference between single printing and multiple printing. Therefore, it is important for the operator performing the color matching to understand the additive required and the specific ratio at the time of addition so that the correct addition can be completed prior to the coloration.
4) Production of color samples
Standard color samples are the guarantee for proper printing. Since the thickness of the obtained ink film layer is different for each printing mode, the color sample, whether obtained by the silk screen printing method or the pad printing method, must be corrected when it is used. Color samples used for reference in pad printing also need to be corrected.
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