Early canned foods were mostly packaged in glass bottles. Due to the fatal flaw of glass bottles, a substitute for glass bottles appeared in the early 1970s, a tin soldering can. This type of tin plate used tin plate as the body material. During production, the sheet is first cut into rectangles according to certain specifications, and then rolled into a tube by the flexing device, and the butt joints are connected by solder. In 1982, the Ministry of Light Industry of China promulgated relevant standards for the process requirements of tin solder cans. The soldering process of the soldering tin requires that the solder must penetrate into the inside of the can body, and the lead content of the solder accounts for about 50%. After the tin soldering can is filled with food, it is a schematic diagram of the working principle of the soldering machine. It is transferred to the upper and lower welding wheels of the welding machine, and a current of 2000 ~ 10000 amperes is passed between the upper and lower welding wheels. Since the upper and lower welding wheels are made of red copper, the resistance value is very small, and almost no heat or canister The body joint is heated and melted due to the large resistance value. Under the action of the pressure N applied by the upper welding wheel, the seam is pressed into one body. The can body is continuously conveyed, and the seams are continuously welded until the welding is completed. The electrical working principle is as shown.
In the middle, the upper welding wheel is equivalent to the wire 1, and the lower welding wheel is equivalent to the wire 2. When the current flows through the joint, assuming that the joint resistance value is R, the food must be contaminated with lead in the solder. The human body is harmful. Therefore, in the early 1980s, many countries in the world did not allow the production or import of tin cans. So what kind of packaging is used in the canning industry, which is easy to transport and store, and does not contaminate food? This is the resistance welding can body combination machine (hereinafter referred to as the welding machine) to be introduced in this article.
2 The working principle and development of the welding machine 21 The working principle of the welding machine As the name implies, the resistance welding machine uses a large current to flow through the seam of the tank body with a certain resistance value, which generates a large amount of heat, making the wire at the seam 2 welding machine Electrician's schematic diagram The direction of body transfer K can body n can body ISSHHH Welding speed and productivity diagram generated by the relationship between the heat Q and the production rate: Because the value of the current I is large, the squared value is larger, so through the seam welding The wheel will generate a lot of heat in an instant, which is enough to melt the sheet at the joint to achieve the purpose of welding.
22 Welding machine development in the world began to develop and produce welding machines in the late 1970s. Currently, welding machines are mainly produced in Switzerland, Italy, the United States, Japan, China and other countries. Among them, the welding machine produced by Swiss Soudonic Company is the world leader At the level, its latest welding machine is controlled by microcomputer, with high degree of automation and low failure rate, and the productivity can reach more than 800 cans per minute.
The domestic production of welding machines mainly includes Qingdao Forging Machinery Group Company, Shantou Light Machinery Group, Quanzhou Nanfang Can Manufacturing Equipment Co., Ltd. and other manufacturers. The maximum productivity can reach 400 cans / min. The Ministry of Light Industry of China promulgated the welding machine in 1991. Industry standards provide a basis for the manufacture of welding machines.
3 Welding speed and welding power source 3.1 Welding speed and productivity Welding speed refers to the speed at which the welding machine forms the welding seam when it is working. It is a main indicator of the welding machine, and it is also the main indicator to measure the advancedness and automation level of the welding machine. It is generally used The number of meters per minute is expressed in meters / minutes (m / min). Now the MWM6000 automatic welding machine produced by Swiss Soudronic company has a welding speed of 100/11. The productivity of the welding machine is the same as the welding speed. It is a parameter to measure the production efficiency of the welding machine. It refers to the welding tank per minute of the welding machine. Body quantity, namely can / min (care / min). Due to the different heights of the welded cans, the productivity of producing cans of different heights at the same welding speed is also different.
For the schematic diagram of the relationship between welding speed and productivity, the tank height H is determined by different tank types in the technical points of the canning industry empty tank process formulated by the Ministry of Light Industry in 1982. Each tank type corresponds to a different tank diameter and tank height. The largest tank type is 15267, the tank height is 267mm, the smallest is tank 946, tank 846, and the tank height is 46mm. The distance S is called the pitch of the cans. The pitch of the welding machine of the Swiss Soudrnnic company is 4 ~ 6mm, and the pitch of the welding machine of the domestic welding machine is 8 ~ 20mm. According to the available productivity P and the welding speed, the relationship is: for example, the Swiss Soudronic welding machine The welding speed is 100m / min, then the productivity of the 7116 tank with a 116mm can height is: 3.2 Weld quality Since the welding machine uses alternating current for welding, the heat value of the weld is the largest at the peak of the current. A solder joint, and the instantaneous current of the alternating current is zero, and no solder joint is formed without generating heat, as shown.
In the middle, the positive peak and the negative peak can both form welding points, and the welding point spacing L is the positive and negative peaks corresponding to the length of the weld. The QB / T1421-91 resistance welding can body combination machine promulgated by the Ministry of Light Industry of China in 1991 has strict requirements on the quality of the welding seam. The welding points of the welding seam should be evenly connected, and the welding point spacing should be 0.6 ~ 1.5mm. The corresponding relationship between L and the positive and negative peaks of the welding current reflects the requirements of the welding seam quality on the welding power source.
3.3 Welding power source Welding power source refers to a device in a welding machine that specifically provides electrical energy for welding. In order to generate a large welding current, the easiest way to think of is to use a transformer to reduce the voltage and large current. The welding power supply supplies power to the primary side of the transformer (called the welding transformer), and then the secondary side of the welding transformer provides a large current for welding. For example, the output of the welding power supply to the primary side of the transformer is alternating current with a voltage between 200 and 400V. The voltage of the secondary side of the welding transformer, that is, the voltage between the upper and lower welding wheels is usually 1 ~ 5V, and the transformation ratio of the transformer is 80 ~ 400, which means that the welding transformer can amplify the output current of the welding power supply by 80 ~ There are two important parameters of the welding power supply. One is the output current, which determines whether the weld can be formed, that is, whether the weld can be welded; the other parameter is the output frequency, which determines whether the quality of the weld can meet the requirements.
3.4 The relationship between welding speed and welding power frequency ~ 1.5mm requirement, a welding machine with a certain welding speed must require the welding power frequency f to be within a certain range, because the welding power frequency f determines the number of solder joints that can be formed per second. A power supply with a frequency of f has 2f current peaks (second positive peak, f negative peak) per second to form 2f solder joints. The welding spot pitch L is 0.6 ~ 1.5, so the length of the weld that can be formed per second is LX2f (mm), that is, the welding speed of the welding machine is LX2f (mm /). Expressing the welding speed in the form of m7min is equivalent to the relationship between the welding speed and the welding frequency: in actual use, the intermediate value of the theoretical calculation frequency can be taken, as in the above example, 600 ~ 900Hz can be taken to meet the quality requirements of the weld . Because the frequency of the welding power source directly affects its cost, when the requirements of the standard are met, the development and use of the welding power source should be relatively low. Bookmark 4 As the welding speed of the welding machine continues to increase, the frequency of the welding power source is more High demands. Swiss Soudronic has been using its self-developed variable frequency power supply Unisoud since its early 1980s to produce fully automatic medium-speed and high-speed welding machines. Its output current is continuously adjustable from 0 to 7000A, and the output frequency is 200 ~ 870, continuous linear adjustable, the output current waveform is sine wave or trapezoidal wave; Panasonic Electric Works of Japan also produces variable frequency power supply, which can be used directly as welding power supply.
At present, there are several mature manufacturers of variable frequency power supply in China, such as Xi'an Haiguang Electromechanical Technology Institute and Computer Application Institute of the Academy of Physics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. Requirements.
The principle of the welding machine described in this article and the matching relationship between welding speed and welding power source are suitable for the design and manufacture of domestic welding. At present, some of the welding machines used in China use industrial frequency welding power supply (frequency is 50Hz); there are also some meters with a motor and a generator set with an output frequency of 150Hz. Both of these welding power supply frequencies are not adjustable, affecting the welding machine's Performance and weld quality. The content described in this article can also be used as the basis for the transformation of the above two types of welding machines.
L welding spot spacing, mm value range 0.6 to 1.5. For example, for a welding machine with a welding speed of Km / min, the welding power frequency is: maximum value: minimum value:
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