Discussion on planning and design of food laboratory

Discussion on planning and design of food laboratory and construction plan

First, site selection

1. The laboratory should choose to clean and quiet places, away from living areas, boiler rooms and traffic routes;

2. The laboratory should choose a place with sufficient light and good ventilation, and a certain distance from the production and processing workshop;

3, the laboratory should choose a convenient workplace and inspection, close to the workplace.

Second, structure and layout

According to the actual needs of production, the general factory should set up a comprehensive laboratory with both bacteria and physical and chemical testing, which mainly includes the following three parts: bacterial laboratory, physical and chemical laboratory, and office.

1. Office

2. Physical and chemical analysis laboratory: (or merge with the bacteria testing operation room)

1Physical and chemical analysis room (also used as sensory inspection room) 2 instrument room (also a small number of instruments such as bacteria room microscope)

3, bacteria laboratory: 1 bacteria test operation room; 2 sterile room; 3 medium production room; 4 wash disinfection room.

The general layout requirements are as follows:

1. Office:

The office is a place where laboratory personnel carry out various tasks such as original records, and is a place where there are many contacts with non-laboratory personnel. Therefore, it should be located at the outermost layer of the overall integrated laboratory, and only need simple facilities such as tables and chairs. can.

2. Bacterial inspection operation room: (normal operation)

The Bacterial Testing Laboratory is the main operating room for bacterial culture and testing. The main facility is the test bench.

Requirements for the lab bench:

a. The standard side width of the experimental side is 750mm, and the standard width of the central test bench is 1500mm;

b. The position of the test bench should be in the center of the laboratory, and there should be sufficient light; it can also be used as a side table;

c. Wash basins and faucets can be installed on both sides of the test bench;

d. The reagent rack is arranged in the middle of the experiment bench, and the rack is equipped with a socket;

e. The bench top material should be corrosion resistant, acid and alkali resistant.

3. Sterile room:

The sterile room provides a relatively sterile working environment for microbiological experiments through air purification and space disinfection. The sterile room is the main working room for processing samples and inoculation, and should be closely linked to the bacteria testing operation room. To meet the sterile requirements of a sterile room, the sterile room should meet the following layout:

a. The entrance avoids the corridor and is located in the bacteria inspection operation room;

b. Intersect with the operating room with two buffers;

c. The sterile room and the buffer room are equipped with UV lamps, and it is required to install a 30W UV lamp every 3 square meters;

d. There is a test bench in the sterile room (both the central test bench and the side bench), and the UV lamp is less than 1.5m away from the test bench;

e. There is a double window between the sterile room and the operation room to form a small passage.

4. Medium production room:

The culture chamber is a place for preparing and preparing the culture medium and reagents for microbial culture, and the main equipment should be the side table and the medicine cabinet.

a. Place an electric furnace on the side table to meet the requirements for melting the boiling medium;

b. The side material should be resistant to high heat and acid and alkali;

c. The medicine cabinets are divided into other general medicines and reagents;

d. Dangerous, perishable, flammable, toxic and harmful drugs are separately stored in safes;

e. Put a balance on the side of the table to claim the medicine.

5, washing and disinfection room:

The washing and disinfecting chamber is used for sterilizing and washing the glassware, the medium and the dirt which are used and used, and the area thereof should be more than 10 square meters.

In order to meet the function of washing and disinfecting, the washing and disinfecting room should have:

a. 1-2 washing pools, the water pool of the washing pool should be unblocked;

b. a cabinet or a test bench to place the washed utensils;

c. The autoclave should use the power supply to meet the electrical load;

d. Indoor ventilation: fume hood;

e. Conditional units can also be installed in the room for daily inspection of water distilled water devices.

6. Physical and chemical analysis room:

The physical and chemical analysis room is the main operating room for physicochemical analysis.

a. The test bench has the same requirements as the bacterial operating room;

b. Set up the fume hood to meet the needs of heating, digestion, drying, cauterization and chemical treatment;

c. Washing pool.

7. Instrument room:

A small instrument for placing microscopes, electronic balances, and physical and chemical analysis.

a. require clean, dry, moisture-proof, insect-proof, and protected from light;

b. The instrument table should be stable and reliable.

For small enterprise laboratories, if there are no more rooms to distinguish, it should be possible to plan a room partition to ensure that there is a certain distinction between different working areas (clean areas and general operating areas) in the laboratory. Therefore, at least 4 should be guaranteed. Room or 4 partitions.

(1) Washing and disinfecting area, this area requires relatively independent, preferably in room interval, because this area handles waste and has certain pollution and humidity.

(2) The medium preparation area is used for the preparation of the medium, often with water, etc., and needs to be relatively independent.

(3) General operation area, this is the main operation area, observation of the test results of microorganisms, microscope operation, general simple physical and chemical operations, instruments and equipment, etc., can be combined in this room or area.

(4) Sterile operation area, sterile room, this requirement is independent.

Third, general equipment and equipment (specific equipment should be selected according to the requirements of the laboratory)

1. Incubator: It is mainly used for the cultivation of laboratory microorganisms, providing a suitable environment for the growth of microorganisms.

(1) Ordinary incubator: The general control temperature range is: room temperature + 5 ~ 65 degrees, and is divided into electric heating constant temperature incubator and water-proof constant temperature incubator.

(2) Biochemical incubator: The temperature range for general control is: 5 to 50 degrees.

(3) Constant temperature and humidity chamber: The general control temperature range is 5 to 50 degrees, and the controlled humidity range is 50 to 90%. Can be used as a mold incubator.

(4) Anaerobic incubator: suitable for the cultivation of anaerobic microorganisms.

2, electric drying oven: for the drying, sterilization and baking of straws, glassware.

3, high pressure steam sterilizer (also known as autoclave): sterilization of the item.

4, the refrigerator

5, electronic balance: generally requires an analytical balance with an accuracy of one ten thousandth.

6. Microscope: An essential instrument for observing bacterial morphology and dynamics, microbes and tiny objects.

7. Homogenizer: used for homogeneous samples, with rotary blade and slap type.

8. Distilled water: Provide distilled water.

9, water bath: part of the culture temperature requires a water bath (such as E. coli test).

10. Ultra-clean workbench: The ultra-clean workbench is a kind of equipment that replaces the sterile room. It is simple and convenient to use, and provides a relatively sterile operation platform for the experiment. The ultra-clean work Taiwan team is divided into horizontal and vertical according to the wind direction.

Other equipment that may be used: pressure cookers, anaerobic culture equipment, centrifuges, shakers, ovens, constant temperature water baths, colony counters, potentiometric pH meters, high speed centrifuges, etc.

Fourth, conventional glassware

1. Pipette: used to suck a small amount of liquid. The commonly used pipette is a 10mL pipette with 0.1 scale 1mL and 1.0 scale.

2. Petri dish: It is a hard glass double disc, which is often used for separation and culture. The size of the lid and bottom should be suitable. The common specification is 90mm.

3, triangular flasks and jars: used to hold the medium and prepare the solution, commonly used specifications are 250mL, 500mL, 1000mL.

4, beaker: for liquid or boil, commonly used specifications are 100mL, 250mL, 500mL, 1000mL.

5. Measuring cylinder: used for liquid measurement, commonly used specifications are 100mL, 250mL, 1000mL.

6, test tube: for bacterial culture, there are a variety of specifications.

7, slide coverslip: bacterial smear observation.

8, reagent bottle: used for reagents, commonly used brown in the dark.

9, other, such as test tube rack, brush, alcohol lamp, inoculation needle, inoculation ring and so on.

5. Chemical reagents and media

Chemical reagents and media: Purify the required reagents and media according to the appendix of the standards that are implemented. Most of the reagents used are synthetic dry powder media, and reagents can also be purchased with standard reagents.

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