People are divided into men and women, animals and plants are divided into male and female, and there is no such thing as "sex" in wood. But the "woodiness" mentioned here is the unique habit of the wood itself, specifically the difference between the deformation force and the twisting force of the wood.
When the carpenters are working, they saw a piece of wood. After shaving a piece of wood, they often say the following sentence: "This wood is very big." That is to say, this piece of wood has a large deformation force and a large twisting force!
After the finished product is finished, it will produce more dramatic changes in cold, heat, dryness and wetness. It will be cracked, twisted, swollen, and shrunk. Sometimes the changes will not look like the original, such as the original square wood. Fang Zi, can be twisted into a twist, turn a few bends.
When carpenters encounter this kind of wood, they must be extra careful when they are working. If you want to control it, don't make it change.
If you encounter a small piece of wood, that is, a flat and gentle wood, it will be easier to do the work, you don't have to worry so much. The finished product will also change, but the changes and distortions will not be particularly strong.
What kind of wood is big, what kind of wood is small?
The old carpenter has a variety of woods, and his heart has his own base, such as eucalyptus, ash, and wood (Maple) are all large wood.
The red pine, white pine, eucalyptus, and eucalyptus woods are small; in the southern wood species, the nanmu and cedar are small, while the eucalyptus and longan are woody; the rosewood, red pear, and grass pear are large in redwood, and the red sandalwood The yellow pear is relatively small.
The old carpenter knows how to distinguish and knows how to make it. However, sexuality and sexuality are relatively speaking and exist in comparison. As long as it is wood, it will expand and contract, and it will swell and shrink.
On the surface of classical furniture, a 3~5 mm expansion joint is required to avoid the large cracking and squeezing deformation of the furniture, so that it can cope with the change of natural temperature and humidity during use.
How to go to sex?
Since wood has sex, it is very important to go to sex before production. There are many ways to go about sex, but there are roughly three types:
Bake: It is to put the logs or plates and squares into the baking room to steam. In the early years of the baking room, mainly burning leaves, sawdust, branches, and firewood; later burning coal, burning oil, and then a little more, using electric heating to roast, has been similar to the electric oven.
It’s not the box, but the house that only bakes wood. Bake wood for a long time, unlike toast, cooked in a few minutes and ten minutes.
Baked wood in the early years, one roast is three or five days, even a week, slowly roasting, dark fire smoked. The temperature should not be too high, and you should not see an open flame, otherwise the wood will be turned into charcoal. After roasting, the sex of the wood is removed a lot, which is convenient for carpenters to use and operate.
Blowing: The essence of blowing is to let the wind blow, which can also be called the process of natural air drying. This takes three, five months or even half a year, one year, stacking the plates and squares layer by layer, and tidying up neatly. Each layer of boards and squares should be padded with small wooden strips, which is convenient for spacing. Ventilation and ventilation.
There is a big gap between the 垛 and the 以 to take the wind. The board square material is generally coded in the shaded and ventilated place, avoiding the sun exposure and causing the wood to suddenly start. After the yard is good, the top is to press heavy objects, such as stones, steel, logs, etc. The heavier the better.
After natural wind blowing, rain, sun, snow burying, dry and wet, wet and dry, the sex of the wood is getting smaller and smaller, so the more the wood is, the easier it is to make and care.
Bubble: Just throw the logs or plates and squares into the water to soak. Soak him for a week, two weeks, or even a month, fish it up and pick it up according to the natural drying method, and then use it completely and naturally.
Or after the bubble is sent to the baking room to smoke, there is an old way to speed up the speed of de-sex, that is, digging the pit to release water, adding lime or alkali, using lime water, alkaline water to soak the wood, so the time of soaking can be greatly shortened Soak it in two or three days, or dry it, or send it to the barn.
In short, the way to go to the wood is actually tossing back and forth, soaking, roasting, damp, dry, wet, the more the number of toss, the lesser the wood.
There is quite a taste of "a hundred steels into steel." Also like the quenching of steel, it burns red and suddenly into the cold water. The quenched steel is harder and the sex wood is more supple.
After the declining wood, there was much obedience in the hands of the woodworker. After the furniture was made, the ratio of thermal expansion and contraction was greatly reduced.
In recent years, there have been a number of old-fashioned antique-style furniture, which have broken down the eaves and beams of the people's homes for decades or even hundreds of years into furniture. Their nature is stable and less change, and they buy new furniture made of old wood. Don't worry about woody temper.
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