Many of the playgrounds on campus today feature plastic runways that look modern and professional. However, experts have raised concerns that these surfaces may emit harmful gases, potentially affecting students' health. With track and field events becoming increasingly popular, the safety and quality of 400-meter plastic tracks have come under scrutiny. What exactly are these tracks made of, and how are they constructed?
*Runway laying screen*
In China, most plastic tracks are made from industrial polyurethane, also known as TDI (Toluene Diisocyanate). This material is mixed with adhesives and curing agents before being laid. The final product includes organic compounds such as toluene diisocyanate, which can release irritating gases when exposed to heat or sunlight. Many students and teachers have reported a strong chemical smell after using the facilities, raising concerns about long-term exposure.
Despite the high cost of installing these runways, many campuses restrict their use. Some schools even close the tracks with barbed wire, limiting access to certain hours. This is partly due to the high maintenance costs and the need to preserve the surface from excessive wear and tear.
The shift from traditional coal slag tracks to synthetic materials has brought significant improvements in performance and safety. However, the differences between various types of synthetic tracks can be confusing for the average person. This article aims to clarify what makes a plastic runway unique and why it matters.
**The Origin of "Plastic Runway"**
When designing large outdoor stadiums, the layout typically includes a football field surrounded by a 400-meter track. These tracks are now mostly made of synthetic materials, replacing the old coal cinder tracks. In the West, these surfaces are often called "tartan tracks," a term originally used for a specific type of synthetic surface developed in the 1960s. While the design has evolved over time, many tracks still retain the red color and grainy texture of their early versions.
**Foundation Layer – Invisible but Important**
According to German standards, a proper synthetic track should include an asphalt base, an elastic layer, and a top surface. The elastic layer is usually made from composition rubber particles and polyurethane, while the top layer consists of EPDM (ethylene propylene diene monomer) particles and polyurethane. This structure helps provide cushioning and durability.
*Workers Spread EPDM Particles*
**Installation Methods**
There are several ways to install a synthetic track. One common method involves constructing the track on-site, layer by layer. Another is the hybrid method, where parts of the track are pre-made in a factory and then assembled. There’s also the fully prefabricated option, which is more commonly used in high-level competitions like the Olympics.
*On-site construction installation runway*
**Prefabricated Runway**
A fully prefabricated track is installed like a carpet, offering superior performance and consistency. These tracks are used in major international events because they provide better speed and energy return. They are also easier to maintain and can be removed or relocated if needed. Unlike on-site installations, prefabricated tracks are manufactured in controlled environments, ensuring uniform quality.
*Use the machine to install the runway*
While plastic runways offer many benefits, their potential health risks and high costs remain important considerations. As technology advances, we may see even safer and more durable options emerge in the future.
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