Discussion on the Development of Western Printing Industry (I)

The implementation of the large-scale development of the western region and the acceleration of the development of the central and western regions is a major strategic decision made by the Central Committee at the turn of the century based on Comrade Deng Xiaoping's "two general situations" and is a major measure for China to achieve its third-step strategic goal. In the original meaning, the western development is to promote the occupation of the vast territory that accounts for 71.4% of the land area and 28.5% of the population in the country to gradually step out of underdevelopment and achieve socialist modernization. There are tens of millions of impoverished people in the west. The living standards of the people are low, and the development of science and technology is lagging behind. The development of the western region is a grand and strong and civilized socialist country and a grand chapter in the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. It conforms to people’s hearts and meets public opinion.
This large-scale development of the west is the continuation, extension and expansion of the two previous large-scale western developments. It differs from the previous two major developments in its guiding ideology, development methods, and operating mechanisms.
1) The first two developments were under the planned economic system, relying on national financial inputs and project embedding. This time within the framework of the socialist market economic system, through the market mechanism, relying on the basic role of market resource allocation.
2) The first two developments were conducted in a semi-enclosed environment, relying mainly on China's own strength. This large-scale development is in the course of economic globalization, China's accession to the WTO, participation in international economic cooperation and competition in a wider range and at a deeper level, and further expansion in the new stage of opening to the outside world. On the basis of fully mobilizing state-owned capital and private capital, it has opened up the door to attract large-scale developments involving foreign capital, technology, and talents. Therefore, the current large-scale development of the western region is a major development in the development of large-scale development, large openness, and interaction. It is a large-scale development of internal development and opening up to the outside world, and is a combination of the introduction of imports and the development of going abroad.
"Printing" is an important part of the information industry. Informatization drives industrialization is the strategic policy proposed by the central government. The degree of development of the printing industry shows the degree of economic development and the degree of development of cultural science and technology. With the in-depth development of science and technology, electronic media has shown its strong vitality. Electronic media and paper media like two-wheeled vehicles are dragging the "economy" to advance in the interaction. Many functions of paper media can not be replaced by electronic media such as newspapers, books, packaging, trademarks, advertisements, etc. The packaging not only plays a role in protecting the goods, but also conveys information and shows a deep cultural connotation. It can be predicted that with the further development of the market economy, the demand for paper media will continue to increase. According to statistics, the average annual output value of German print products is 450 marks, 600 marks in the United States, and 860 marks in Japan, and China only has 20 marks. Paper consumption is a major measure of growth in the printing industry. The world consumes about 300 million tons of paper every year. Americans consume 300 kilograms of paper, Europe accounts for about half, and third world countries only have one kilogram. It is not difficult to see from the above data that “printing” is a barometer for the development of the national economy. Due to history and many other reasons, the western part of China is lagging behind the eastern part. Of course, there is also a gap in the printing industry. Therefore, the development of the western printing industry is a booster for the development of the western region.
On the whole, the western part of China is still in the middle and early period of the industrialization process, and it is experiencing extremely uneven development. The main manifestations are:
(1) The total economic output, especially the average per capita, the level of industrialization, and the level of urbanization are all in the initial stage.
(2) The dual economy is an obvious feature of the western economy. Looking at the situation in Chongqing, the only municipality directly under the central government, 2/3 is the agricultural economy. Other provinces (autonomous regions) are also the mainstay of the agricultural and pastoral economy, and have not yet entered the industrialized economy.
(3) Although some important economically developed cities in the west, such as Chongqing, Chengdu, Kunming and Xi'an, have entered the industrialized economy, they are basically still in the traditional industrial and technological process stage in terms of industrial economy. This imbalance has objectively set different levels of requirements for the development and informationization of the western economy.
First, the development of capital markets is the primary condition for the development of the western region. Compared with the eastern and western regions, the eastern region occupies technological, talent, capital, and information advantages. What really restricts the development of the west is mainly "funds." Development economics believes that the scale, speed, and structure of capital formation are the basic constraints for economic development in underdeveloped regions. Among the production factors such as labor, capital, and natural resources, capital has always been the most scarce resource. In underdeveloped regions, only after successfully solving the problem of capital formation can we get rid of poverty and backwardness as quickly as possible with the cooperation of other elements.
In December 2000, the State Council issued a "Circular on Several Policies and Measures for the Implementation of Western Development," and put forward a series of concrete measures to tilt from the capital investment to the policy investment to the west, including raising the central government's fiscal construction funds, and all kinds of special construction funds for the western region. Increase the proportion of the central government's fiscal transfer payments to the western region, increase the proportion of the Western Region's allocations in various special subsidies, and increase the support for western financial credits. This includes both increasing the proportion of loans from the state policy banks to the west. It also includes raising the proportion of preferential loans from international financial organizations and foreign governments to the western region.
The function of government capital (including central finance and local finance) is limited. It can only be used for infrastructure and ecological public goods. The purpose is to change the serious shortage of public products in the western region, and create favorable conditions for private capital to invest in and develop the western region. . The direction of government capital determines that the role of government capital investment is “development, guidance, and periodicity”. When the public goods develop to a certain period and the demand is eased, the role of government capital will be weakened. Therefore, while increasing government capital investment, we should speed up the cultivation of the capital market. The experience at home and abroad has proved that the capital market has irreplaceable special functions in the development of underdeveloped areas, which are mainly manifested in:
(1) The capital market can provide sufficient and long-term capital for the development of the western region. In the process of the large-scale development of the western region, the capital market can, with its strong fund-raising function, plan for sufficient, cheap and long-term capital for the western region in a short period of time. It can break through the boundaries of regions, departments, ownership, and entities to provide sufficient funds for the development of the western region. Secondly, the capital market can provide stocks through listed companies, set up investment funds, and can also provide much-needed long-term capital for the development of the western region in a variety of forms such as mortgage loans.
(2) The capital market can strengthen the role of the market in capital allocation and improve the efficiency of capital use. In the process of the large-scale development of the western region, while ensuring adequate capital supply, it can also improve the quality of capital use.
(3) The capital market can promote the reform of the enterprise system. Companies can use the securities market and stock issuance to improve their own capital structure and create favorable preconditions for the smooth construction of the modern enterprise system. In the equity market, in the process of mergers and acquisitions, listed companies can conduct a series of mergers and acquisitions, and inject into the market concepts, inject capital, inject mechanisms, and inject management to promote the establishment of a modern enterprise system.
(4) The capital market can provide a powerful means for asset restructuring. The problem of the large state-owned economy in the western region and the backwardness of the economic structure are very prominent. In the large-scale development of the western region, the settlement of these problems must rely on the capital market.
In establishing the capital market, the government clearly expressed its sincerity in welcoming foreign funds, technology, and talents to participate in the development of the western region and stipulated a series of favorable conditions such as expanding market access, investment methods, and taxation.
II. Objectives of the Western Development Goal How to determine the goals of the Western Development Program is the basic task for which the first choice must be made. Judging from the outstanding contradictions, the target orientation should be to speed up the pace of development in the western region, increase the living standards of urban and rural residents in western China, and reduce the gap between the eastern and western regions. Specifically, in the next two to three decades, the western region must have an extraordinary development, so that the living standards of the urban and rural residents in the western region will reach the national average. How to achieve this goal, Premier Zhu Rongji proposed four when inspecting the northwest region. Contents in each aspect: (-) Strengthening infrastructure construction; (2) Adjusting the industrial structure; (3) Managing the ecological environment; (4) Implementing the strategy of rejuvenating the country through science and education.
The entry into the western region from the above four aspects is of great significance to the entire country. It must be noted that the development of the western region is not balanced. Although the western region is lagging behind, it has relatively advanced areas. Some central cities in the west have relatively developed economies and cultures. Chongqing, Chengdu, Xi’an, Kunming and Urumqi occupy an important position in the country. To strengthen the radiation function of the central city, we must reform, reorganize, reform, innovate, and strengthen the management of economic structure, ownership structure, technological structure, urban infrastructure, environmental protection, and social security. In short, no matter what measures are taken, they must settle to improve the living standards of urban and rural residents in western China, improve scientific and cultural quality, increase the economic strength of the vast western regions, and accelerate the development and construction of the western region.